使用Li-6400测定森林土壤呼吸应注意的几个问题

正确使用Li-6400进行森林土壤呼吸测定是保证测定精度的前提.本文以落叶松林为例,对Li-6400使用过程应该注意的问题进行了研究.结果表明:塑料圈至少应该测定前12小时进行设置,以减少土壤CO2涌出效应对呼吸的影响,而且塑料圈插入深度对测定结果影响很大:当塑料圈插入过浅时横向气体扩散及塑料圈不稳定而造成测定时CO2的再涌出效应使土壤呼吸测定值偏高;而当插入深度过深时,切断根系导致根系呼吸下降,最活跃的土壤表层呼吸受塑料圈阻隔导致的土壤微生物呼吸测定值下降,这些现象共同造成显著低估土壤呼吸测定值.此外,在晴天白天大部分时间内目标[CO2]值设定为外界相应时段的[CO2]平均值,可以保证测定误差小于5%,而在清晨和傍晚进行测定时,则应该及时调整目标值为外界[CO2]保证测量准确性.这一测定原则在实际测定中具有较高的实用性.     

低覆盖度行带式种植模式下赤峰杨根系分布特征

采用根钻法对低覆盖度行带式栽植模式下赤峰杨的根长密度的空间分布特征进行了研究,同时用烘干法对其根质量密度进行了测量。结果表明:赤峰杨的总平均根长密度在不同土层间变化很大,0.0 40 cm土层为根系主要分布区域,其在总平均根长密度中所占比例高达77.1%;不同径级之间的根长密度差异显著,0.0 0.2 mm径级根系的根长密度最大,可达0.61 cm·cm-3。带间根长密度变化出现了先增大后减少而后略有增大的趋势,环境因子影响根系分布,>2.0 mm的粗根根长密度主要分布于带间。低覆盖度行带式配置模式下的赤峰杨吸收根系(<2mm)主要分布于0 40 cm深度区域,粗根(>2.0 mm)主要分布于地表40 cm以下区域,带间是根系的主要分布区域,根系主要利用的是天然降水。     

Bearing properties of engineered wood products I: effects of dowel diameter and loading direction

The embedment tests of laminated veneer lumber (LVL) with two moduli of elasticity (MOE; 7.8 GPa and 9.8GPa), parallel strand lumber (PSL), and laminated strand lumber (LSL) were conducted in accordance with ASTM-D 5764. The load-embedment relation for each of these engineered wood products (EWPs) was established. The directional characteristics of bearing strength (_e), initial stiffness (k _e), and effective elastic foundation depth were obtained from the tested results. The effective elastic foundation depth (=E/k _e,E = MOE), based on the theory of a beam on elastic foundation, was obtained from thek _e and MOE. An of 90° (perpendicular to the grain) was calculated by dividingE ₉₀ [MOE of 90° from the compression test, but MOE of 0° (E ₀), parallel to the grain, obtained from the bending test] byk _e90, the initial stiffness of 90°. This study aimed to obtain the bearing characteristics of each EWP, taking into consideration their anisotropic structures, for estimating the fastening strength of a dowel-type fastener. The relations between the bearing coefficients ( _e,k _e,) on the loading direction and dowel diameter were established from the load-embedment curves. Based on the results of the embedment test, tested EWPs showed different tendencies in all directions from wood and glued laminated timber.Part of this study was presented at the 49th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Tokyo, April 1999     

不同水分条件下皮叶两用杜仲林的生长效应

对12年生杜仲进行人工供水处理,研究土壤水分对皮叶两用杜仲林萌条生长规律的影响.结果表明:不同水平的供水对新枝生长均有促进作用,6~9月份,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ级供水处理的新枝枝长生长量分别较对照增加30.2%、37.1%、77.9%、56.2%,新枝直径生长量分别较对照增加22.4%、53.7%、117.9%、83.6%;Ⅲ级供水最有利于萌条的生长,二次分枝数最多(43个/株),平均枝条长度最长(27.3 cm),单株叶片数和叶干质量分别为162个.株-1和16.5 g.株-1;杜仲供水多时,水分并不能被根部全部吸收,水分利用效率降低;5~9月份,秦岭南坡杜仲适宜的灌水量为1 050 m3.hm-2.     

干旱区地下水埋深空间分布对天然植被覆盖度影响研究—以塔里木河下游为例

以塔里木河下游输水河畔的植被覆盖度和地下水埋深为研究对象,建立遥感反演模型获取研究区植被覆盖度的空间分布,建立地下水数值模型模拟与覆盖度同时段的埋深空间分布,采用空间分析方法对覆盖度和埋深的空间分布数据进行分析,获取不同埋深区间所对应的植被覆盖度,并得出以下结论：研究区植被覆盖度在地下水0～20m的埋深区间上呈阶梯状分...     

Effects of temperature,water regime and irrigation system on the release of ascospores of Mycosphaerella nawae,causal agent of circular leaf spot of persimmon

Experiments were conducted under controlled conditions to quantify the effects of temperature, water regime and irrigation system on the release of Mycosphaerella nawae ascospores from leaf litter in Spanish persimmon orchards. The effect of temperature on ascospore release was best described by a Gompertz model. The end of the lag phase of ascospore release occurred at 9·75°C, and the end of the exponential phase at 15·75°C. Few ascospores were discharged from dry leaves wetted with 0·1 or 0·5 mm water, but significant amounts were recovered with 1–50 mm water. About half of the total ascospores were released after three wetting and drying cycles, but 32 cycles were necessary for a complete discharge. No significant difference in ascospore release was detected when the leaf litter was wetted by flood and drip irrigation. However, considering the proportion of soil area wetted in both systems, inoculum release was significantly reduced by drip irrigation. The potential of drip irrigation as a cultural control measure should be investigated.     

痕量灌溉在温室大桃上的应用

试验以日光温室大桃为供试作物,以常规畦灌和滴灌为对照,研究第一代痕量灌溉系统在地膜覆盖和地表裸露两种条件下对生长、产量和水分利用的影响。结果表明：痕量灌溉管路埋深50cm且地膜覆盖处理,痕量灌溉比畦灌和滴灌分别节约灌水80．1m^3／667m^2和40．0m^3／667m^2,水分利用效率比畦灌和滴灌分别增加16．1kg／m^3和10．6kg／m^3,经济产量无显著差异;痕量灌溉管埋深5cm、地表裸露条件下,痕量灌溉此畦灌和滴灌分别节约灌水88．9m^3／667m^2和39．8m^3／667m^2,经济产量比畦灌和滴灌分别减少11．5％和25．3％。痕量灌溉在果树上应用时,宜地膜覆盖并埋深30cm。     

地下水埋深对冬小麦和春玉米产量及水分生产效率的影响

利用排水式蒸渗仪,通过设置6种地下水位控制处理(地下水位埋深分别为0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0、2.5 m和3.0 m)试验,探讨了太原盆地不同地下水埋深对冬小麦和春玉米生长指标、产量、产量构成因素及水分生产效率(WUE)的影响.结果表明,地下水埋深对冬小麦和春玉米千粒重的影响较小,对冬小麦干.物质重影响显著(P=0...     

滴灌湿润比对成龄库尔勒香梨生长及耗水规律的影响

田间试验采用3种滴灌湿润比(20%、40%、60%),并以传统漫灌(土壤湿润比为100%)为对照,利用负压计和石膏块监测果树根区土壤水势,观测不同生育阶段内果树的生长指标;用水量平衡法计算不同处理梨树不同生育期的日均耗水量、作物系数与蒸发皿系数.试验结果表明,充分灌溉条件下,滴灌湿润比为20%、40%、60%的成龄香梨...     

石羊河流域主要作物的需水量及需水规律的研究

试验于2008年在甘肃武威进行,采用水量平衡法在充分灌溉的条件下研究了石羊河流域春小麦、春玉米、制种油葵、色素辣椒、小麦/玉米带田等5种作物的需水量及需水规律,并根据作物生育期需水规律提出了适宜的灌溉制度.试验结果表明,春小麦全生育期需水量为480.5 mm,需水关键期为拔节期和抽穗开花期;春玉米需水量为569.0 m...